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TOPIC : GS 3  Science and Technology- Developments and their Applications and Effects in Everyday Life.

Responsible AI – the need for ethical guard trails

What is the news?

Artificial Intelligence can widen social and economic schism leading to discriminatory outcomes

AI’s exponential growth

Artificial intelligence, the engine of fourth Industrial revolution have expanded its area through

  • GPS mapping technology
  • The predictive text that completes the predictive sentences during mail or complete the web search
  • It promises to be even more transformative than harnessing of electricity. eg : Internet of things
  • Automation ,big data and algorithms continue to sweep into new corner of human kind
  • AI can leap frog towards eradicating hunger, poverty and diseases. eg Computerized PDS
  • Opening up new and hitherto unimaginable pathways for climate change mitigation , education, and scientific discovery
  • It also helped in increase of crop yield and raised business productivity in agricultural activities
  • AI based products open a new window of opportunity to do predictive policing in India. With the help of AI, one can predict the pattern of crime, analyze lot of CCTV footage which are available across the country to identify suspects.

AI as threat

  • AI requires massive computation capacity that leads to more power hunger data centres and big carbon foot print
  • Robotics and AI companies are building intelligent machines that perform the tasks of typical carried out by low income workers , self-service kiosks to replace casheries results in unemployment
  • They also perform many desk job such like accountant , financial traders and middle income managers
  • Without clear policies on reskilling workers , the promise of new opportunities will create the new inequalities
  • It will exacerbate existing new problems and create new one. eg : AI facial recognition and surveillance technology discriminating against people of colour and minorities
  • AI enhanced recruitment engine, based on existing workforce profiles ,taught itself that male candidates were preferable to female
  • The algorithm never ending quest for data has led to our digital footprints being harvested and sold without the informed consent

Ensuring humane future

  • AI companies and government to work in tandem to solve the problems and challenges through deployment and development
  • AI governance will enable us to develop broad based ethical principal , cultures and code of ethics to mitigate problems through audits and design
  • Its deployment enhances the transparency , accountability ,inclusion and societal trust to flourish
  • UNESCO has developed a global ,comprehensive standard setting draft “Recommendation on ethics of Artificial intelligence to member states for deliration and adoption”

Way forward

Agreeing on common guiding principles is an important step that involves multi stakeholders governance structure that ensure the dividends are fair, inclusive and jist.

Mains question

AI has evolved with unprecedented velocity from beating human champions. Explain

Sources : https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/responsible-ai-the-need-for-ethical-guard-rails/article34086236.ece

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/nlp-has-become-one-of-the-most-exciting-parts-of-ai/articleshow/81543173.cms

TOPIC: GS 2 Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.

Need to invest in public health

What is the news?

Only robust public health system, and not healthcare alone , can lead to disease prevention and control

Heath care and COVID-19

  • The efforts of heath care personnel from ASHA workers with only basic training to highly specialized intensive care unit have saved countless lives
  • Lab diagnosis , clinical assessment , triage and management ranging from home quarantine and intensive care and ICU clinical trials

Health care and public health

  • Disease control is the deliberate, intervention based and quantified reduction of disease burden. It is data driven that are required on baseline disease monitoring to track the control trajectory of all highly prevalent infectious
  • Reliable data must be collected from all the sources including every health care expert by diagnosis and outcome for the process

Social vaccine and COVID-19

Absence of non –pharmacological preventive intervention – faces masks, hand hygiene, physical Distancing and pharmacological prevention by vaccination. The process of self-motivated behaviour modification is called as social vaccine.

Mains question :

Discuss the importance of investment in public health .

Sources : https://indianexpress.com/article/india/healthcare-delivery-in-india-is-poised-to-undergo-a-change-at-all-stages-president-kovind7178254/

https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/building-a-robust-healthcare-system/article33711368.ece

PRELIMS PUNCHERS

  1. Rule curve

A rule curve or rule level specifies the storage or empty space to be maintained in a

Reservoir during different times of the year. Here the implicit assumption is that a reservoir

Can best satisfy its purposes if the storage levels specified by the rule curve are maintained in

the reservoir at different times. The rule curve as such does not give the amount of water to

be released from the reservoir. This amount will depend upon the inflows to the reservoir, or

Sometimes it is specified in addition to rule curves

The rule curve in a dam decides the fluctuating storage level in the reservoirs. The gate opening schedule of a dam is based on the rule curve mechanism

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/come-out-with-rule-curve-for-mullaperiyar-sc/article34085574.ece

  1. Judicial review

Judicial review is a process under which executive or legislative actions are subject to review by the judiciary. A court with authority for judicial review may invalidate laws, acts and governmental actions that are incompatible with a higher authority: an executive decision may be invalidated for being unlawful or a statute may be invalidated for violating the terms of a constitution.

Judicial review is one of the checks and balances in the separation of powers: the power of the judiciary to supervise the legislative and executive branches when the latter exceed their authority. The doctrine varies between jurisdictions, so the procedure and scope of judicial review may differ between and within countries.

  1. Rajya sabha passed MTP bill

The bill that provides for raising the upper limit for legal termination of pregnancy from 20 to 24 weeks and expands the access of women to safe and legal abortion services on “therapeutic, eugenic, humanitarian and social grounds”.

Major provision : Currently, abortion requires the opinion of one doctor if it is done within 12 weeks of conception and two doctors if it is done between 12 and 20 weeks.  The Bill allows abortion to be done on the advice of one doctor up to 20 weeks, and two doctors in the case of certain categories of women between 20 and 24 weeks.

The Bill sets up state level Medical Boards to decide if a pregnancy may be terminated after 24 weeks in cases of substantial foetal abnormalities.

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/parliament-proceedings-rajya-sabha-passes-the-medical-termination-of-pregnancy-bill/article34085993.ece

  1. Atmanirbhar nivrshak mitra

IT is launched by Department for promotion of industry and internal trade (DPIIT) , Ministry of commerce and industry . The portal is being developed for handholding and facilitation, information dissemination, and facilitation of domestic investors . It will also help investors connect to various stakeholders on single platform like central ministries industry association, state department.

This project is under the   “Invest India” agency which was set up in 2009  as non profit venture under DPIIT

Source: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1704325

  1. World Energy transitions Outlook

The World Energy Outlook is the International Renewable Energy outlook flagship publication, provides a comprehensive view of the global energy systems. It observed that emergency of new energy system based on renewable technologies and complemented by green hydrogen and modern biogas

Source : https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/global-energy-meet-calls-for-accelerated-shift-to-renewables/article34087147.ece

  1. Mullaperiyar Dam

The Mullaperiyar dam is located on the confluence of mullayar and Periyar rivers in Kerala Idukki district . It is located on the cardamom hills of Western Ghats . The dam is located in Kerala on the river Periyar but is operated and maintained by neighboring state Tamil nadu .

Source: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/come-out-with-rule-curve-for-mullaperiyar-sc/article34085574.ece 

PRELIMS QUESTION

  1.  Consider the statement;  World energy transitions outlook is published by?

a.International Energy Agency

b.International Renewable Energy Agency

c.World Energy Group

d.World Economic forum

Answer: B

The World Energy Outlook is the International Renewable Energy outlook flagship publication, provides a comprehensive view of the global energy systems. It observed that emergence of new energy system based on renewable technologies and complemented by green hydrogen and modern biogas.

  1. Consider the following statement with reference to Atmanirbhar Niveshak Mitra

1.It is launched by ministry of labour and employment

2.This project is under “Invest India” programme

Select the correct statement using code given below.

(a). 1only       (b) 2 only

(c). Both     (d). None of the above

Answer : B

IT is launched by Department for promotion of industry and internal trade (DPIIT) , Ministry of commerce and industry . The portal is being developed for handholding and facilitation, information dissemination, and facilitation of domestic investors . It will also help investors connect to various stakeholders on single platform like central ministries industry association, state department.

This project is under the   “Invest India” agency which was set up in 2009 as nonprofit venture under DPIIT

FURTHER STUDIES – PRELIMS /MAINS 2021

Environment Impact assessment EIA  .

Great Indian Bustard .

Air bubble travel corridor

All about QUAD .

latest News about Indias Arms Import

NPR in ONLINE .

E3 certification .

All about AI- Artificial Intelligence .

Parliament passes MTP act