TOPIC : GS 1 Role of Women and Women’s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and Developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
A road to progress
What is the news?
The achievements of women dairy farmers in contributing to India’s ‘White Revolution’ are perhaps the greatest cause for celebrating the men’s History Month in March.
- Operation flood : majority of dairy farmers owning only small landholdings typically households with two to five cows is also a testament to the success of the dairy cooperatives models that were at the heart of Operation Flood.
- Approach : The approach made it possible to
- enhance backward and forward linkages in the dairy value chain
- paving the way for freeing small farmers from the clutches of middlemen
- guaranteed minimum procurement price for milk.
- Institutionalizing National Diary Development Board : Now organisation farmer’s orientation programmes across the country, under which women farmers are trained in scientific best practices on animal health, fodder quality, clean milk production, and accounts management.
- Enhanced Income: Importantly, women led cooperatives also provide fertile ground for grooming women from rural areas for leadership positions. In many instances, this becomes the first step for women in breaking free from traditional practices.
- Challenge is Information Asymmetry : Statistics indicate that small and marginal farmers have access to only 5070% of the resources that large and medium farmers Once again, the presence of collectives in the form of cooperatives and milk unions plays a significant role in enhancing the knowledge and bargaining power of women.
- Women led companies:
- NDDB has played a proactive role in setting up women led producer enterprises like Shreeja Mahila Milk Producer Company, which was started with 24 women and now has more than 90,000 members, with an annual turnover
- Amul Dairy released a list of 10 women dairy farmers who became millionaires by selling milk to the company.
- Case studies and Statistics
- A study by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) indicates that 93% of women farmers who receive training along-side financial support succeed in their Enhanced incomes
- According to latest data, there are more than 1,90,000 dairy cooperative societies across the country, with approximately 6 million women members
- A study conducted on Women Dairy Cooperative Society (WDCS) members across Rajasthan showed that with the income generated through dairying, 31% of the women had converted their mud houses to cement structures, while 39% had constructed concrete sheds for their cattle.
- Amul Dairy released a list of 10 women dairy farmers who became millionaires by selling milk to the company. For instance, Navalben Dalsangbhai Chaudhary from Vadgam earned almost 88 lakh by selling 2,21,595 kg of milk in 201920, and Malvi Kanuben from Dhanera earned about 74 lakh by selling 2,50,745 kg of milk.
Way forward
Testimonials of individual women dairy farmers are all the more remarkable for the fact that many of them have not had a formal education, but through the process of dairying and working with larger collectives, such as milk unions and cooperatives, they have mastered the nuances of finance and marketing.
Mains question
Discuss the significance of White Revolution in India
Sources : https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-road-to-progress/article34201677.ece
TOPIC : GS 2 India and its Neighborhood- Relations.
Good Neighbours
What is the news?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Bangladesh to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the war of liberation and the centenary year of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Future plans and the challenges
- At the events, which included an emotive ceremony in Dhaka, a cultural programme, India’s conferring of the Gandhi Peace Prize posthumously on Mujib, and a visit by Prime Minister to the Bangabandhu (Mujib) memorial at his hometown in Tungipara,
- The leaders paid homage to the nation’s founders, millions massacred by the Pakistani military regime in 1971, and those who died fighting for Bangladeshi freedom, including nearly 4,000 Indian soldiers.
- India’s role in the creation of Bangladesh was highlighted by PM of Bangladesh as she thanked India for its aid, and later, for providing her shelter when members of her family, including her father Mujib, were assassinated.
- The two leaders built on their December 2020 (virtual) meet by bolstering plans for connectivity and infrastructure projects with a framework for cooperation on trade, along with other MoUs on sports, education and disaster management.
- India Bangladesh ties in the past 15 years, since current PM was elected, have been marked by new areas of cooperation and an ability to resolve specific differences.
- Bangladesh decision, beginning 2009, to shut down antiIndia terror camps and to hand over nearly two dozen of India’s “most wanted”, reversed mistrust.
- India push to conclude the long pending Land Boundary Agreement in 2015, and to accept an international tribunal verdict in favour of Bangladesh that resolved a 40yearold maritime dispute, built confidence as well
Challenges.
- The joint statement noted the need to resolve the dispute over Teesta water sharing, and six other rivers.
- The problem of Bangladeshi civilians being killed at the border has dented relations.
- Protests against Indian PM visit turned violent, with at least 11 members of the HefazateIslam shot dead by police, and reprisal violence against the Hindu minority by Islamist mobs.
Way forward
The events only underline the need for a deeper understanding on both sides of the sensitivities of the IndiaBangladesh relationship, even as its many successes are counted and celebrated.
Mains question
Highlight India – Bangladesh 50 years relationship .
PRELIMS PUNCHERS
- National Diary Development Board
The National Dairy Development Board is an institution of national importance set up by an Act of Parliament of India. The main office is in Anand, Gujarat with regional offices throughout the country. It was founded by Dr. Verghese Kurien. The Board was created to finance, support and support producer-owned and controlled organisations. Its programmes and activities seek to strengthen farmer cooperatives and support national policies that are favorable to the growth of such institutions. Cooperative principles and cooperative strategies are fundamental to the board’s efforts.
The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was created in 1965, fulfilling the desire of the then prime minister of India — the late Lal Bahadur Shastri to extend the success of the Kaira Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union (Amul) to other parts of India. NDDB launched its Perspective Plan 2010 with four thrust areas: Quality Assurance, Productivity Enhancement, Institution Building and National Information.
Source: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-road-to-progress/article34201677.ece
- Hoysala
The Hoysala rulers were originally from Malenadu, an elevated region in the Western Ghats. In the 12th century, taking advantage of the internecine warfare between the Western Chalukya Empire and Kalachuris of Kalyani, they annexed areas of present-day Karnataka and the fertile areas north of the Kaveri delta in present-day Tamil Nadu. By the 13th century, they governed most of Karnataka, minor parts of Tamil Nadu and parts of western Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in the Deccan Plateau.
The Hoysala era was an important period in the development of art, architecture, and religion in South India. The empire is remembered today primarily for Hoysala architecture. Well known temples “which exhibit an amazing display of sculptural exuberance” includes the Chennakesava Temple, Belur, the Hoysaleswara Temple, Halebidu, and the Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapura. The Hoysala rulers also patronised the fine arts, encouraging literature to flourish in Kannada and Sanskrit. The Hoysala administration supported itself through revenues from an agrarian economy. Recently inscription found at Arsikere
- Nacaduba Sinhala Ramaswamii sadasivan
The discovery of the species Nacaduba sinhala ramaswamii Sadasivan, 2021 in the Agasthyamalai in the Western Ghats. Line Blues are small butterflies belonging to the subfamily Lycaenidae and their distribution ranges from India and Sri Lanka to the whole of southeastern Asia, Australia and Samoa. It is the first time that a butterfly species was discovered by an all-Indian research team from the Western Ghats.
- Mozambique
It is a country located in Southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa to the southwest. The sovereign state is separated from the Comoros, Mayotte and Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city of Mozambique is Maputo.
Bantu-speaking people’s migration into Mozambique dates as far back as the 4th century BC. From the late first millennium AD, vast Indian Ocean trade networks extended as far south into Mozambique as evidenced by the ancient port town of Chibuene
Prelims questions
Qn 1.Consider the following statement regarding Mozambique
- It is a country located in South western Africa bordered by the Red Sea to the east
- Santhu-speaking people’s migration into Mozambique dates as far back as the 4th century BC
Select the correct statement using code given below.
(a). 1only (b) 2 only
(c).Both (d). None of above
Answer:D
It is a country located in Southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa to the southwest. The sovereign state is separated from the Comoros, Mayotte and Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city of Mozambique is Maputo.
Bantu-speaking people’s migration into Mozambique dates as far back as the 4th century BC. From the late first millennium AD, vast Indian Ocean trade networks extended as far south into Mozambique as evidenced by the ancient port town of Chibuene
Qn 2.Consider the following statement regarding Nacaduba Sinhala Ramaswamii sadasivan
- The discovery of the species Nacaduba sinhala ramaswamii Sadasivan, 2021 in the in the Eastern Ghats
- Line Blues are small butterflies belonging to the subfamily Lycaenidae and their distribution ranges from India and Sri Lanka to the whole of southeastern Asia, Australia and Samoa
Select the correct statement using code given below.
(a). 1only (b) 2 only
(c).Both (d). None of above
Answer:B
The discovery of the species Nacaduba sinhala ramaswamii Sadasivan, 2021 in the Agasthyamalai in the Western Ghats. Line Blues are small butterflies belonging to the subfamily Lycaenidae and their distribution ranges from India and Sri Lanka to the whole of southeastern Asia, Australia and Samoa. It is the first time that a butterfly species was discovered by an all-Indian research team from the Western Ghats.