TOIPC : GS 3 Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment.
Where will climate change strike?
Categorical statements from a scientific body in the UN system, a working group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in a reported that human activities were unequivocally the principal driver of changes
- The pollution in atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere, in other words, of climate change.
- ManÂmade emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), led by carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide since the industrial era, were altering the climate system, raising average surface temperature globally.
Report status
- The contribution of Working Group I to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report is one of the three such technical reports, the other two being on impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (WG II) and mitigation (WG III) expected later this year, ahead of a synthesis report next year
What is the key message from Working Group I?
- The report asserts, that the contribution of GHG emissions from various activities is the scientific basis for global warming and climate change.
- These actions include the burning of fossil fuels for energy and transport, emissions from agriculture and waste, and energy profiles of buildings.
- The increase in global surface temperature for the decade 2011Â2020 is estimated to be 09°C, an indication of how much the world has warmed
- The WG I report devotes itself to assessing what impacts would accrue to various dimensions of the planet, such as land, oceans, mountains, polar regions, glaciers and water cycle, under different emissions scenarios
What will be the effect of continued global warming?
- A warmer world is estimated to have a big impact on extremes of temperature and rainfall with implications for human health, ecosystem survival and sustainable economic activity.
- The report says it is virtually certain that hot extremes including heatwaves have become more frequent and more intense across most land regions
- Climate change has contributed to increases in agricultural and ecological droughts in some regions due to increased land evapotranspiration
- Under scenarios of rising CO2 emissions, two of the big carbon sinks on the planet the oceans and land may become less effective at slowing the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere
What could be the consequences for India?
- India’s major concerns are centred around the health of the annual monsoon, the fate of Himalayan glaciers, heating over land, floods, droughts and overall impact on people’s wellÂbeing, agriculture and food production
- It is important to note that over South Asia, among other regions, aerosol emissions notably from human activity had a cooling influence during the 20th century, which in turn counteracted increases in monsoon rainfall produced by warming
- Snow volumes are forecast to decrease in most regions of the Hindu Kush Himalaya and the snowline elevations to go up while glacier volumes are likely to decline, with greater mass loss in scenarios of higher CO2 emissions.
Mains Question
Why has a UN body sounded a red alert and what lies ahead?
PRELIMS PUNCHERS
1.Mission Kalpatru
The Women and Child Development Ministry plans to seek loans totalling from five different multinational development banks to implement new and existing schemes, including a research centre on child development as well as plantation of 200 million trees under mission Kalpatru to eradicate malnutrition. The Ministry is planning to apply for a loan from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Japan International Cooperation Agency, New Development Bank , crore from Asian Development Bank and German Development Cooperation.
It will also establish 14 million Poshan Vatikas (Nutrition Gardens) at all anganwadis in the country, conduct awareness and assign community ownership of the food forests. It will ensure easier access to fresh produce and promote Atmanirbhar Bharat. The Ministry has mooted a national child development resource centre for research, design, outcome tracking, service delivery support and development of curriculum for activity-based learning at anganwadis at children’s homes.
- Commercial paper
It is a money market instrument is an unsecured promissory note with a fixed maturity of rarely more than 270 days. It can be bought and sold because its buyers and sellers have some degree of confidence that it can be successfully redeemed later for cash, based on their assessment of the creditworthiness of the issuing company.
It is a money-market security issued by large corporations to obtain funds to meet short-term debt obligations and is backed only by an issuing bank or company promise to pay the face amount on the maturity date specified on the note. Since it is not backed by collateral, only firms with excellent credit ratings from a recognized credit rating agency will be able to sell their commercial paper at a reasonable price. Commercial paper is usually sold at a discount from face value and generally carries lower interest repayment rates than bonds due to the shorter maturities of commercial paper. The longer the maturity on a note, the higher the interest rate the issuing institution pays. Interest rates fluctuate with market conditions but are typically lower than banks’ rates.
- Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank
Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank is a public sector financial institution in India. It provides loans at low rates to micro-finance institutions and non-banking financial institutions which then provide credit to MSMEs. It has been initially formed as a wholly owned subsidiary of Small Industries Development bank of India (SIDBI) with 100% capital being contributed by it. Presently, the authorized capital of MUDRA is 1000 crores and paid up capital is 750 crore, fully subscribed by SIDBI. More capital is expected to enhance the functioning of MUDRA.
This Agency would be responsible for developing and refinancing all Micro-enterprises sector by supporting the finance Institutions which are in the business of lending to small business entities engaged in manufacturing, trading and service activities. MUDRA would partner with Banks, MFIs and other lending institutions at state level and regional level to provide micro finance support to the micro enterprise sector in the country.
The bank will classify its clients into three categories and the maximum allowed loan sums will be based on the category: Shishu : Allowed loans up to 50,000 thousand Kishor : Allowed loans up to 5 lakh , Tarun : Allowed loans up to 10 lakh
- Haiti
It is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small island of Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. It is the third largest country in the Caribbean by area, and has an estimated population of making it the most populous country in the Caribbean.
PRELIMS QUESTIONS
- Consider the following statement with regard to Mission Kalpatru
- It is child development as well as plantation of 200 million trees under mission to eradicate malnutrition by Ministry of Environment
- Ministry is planning to apply for a loan from world Bank
Select the correct statement using code given below.
(a). 1only      (b) 2 only
(c).Both      (d). None of above
Answer : D
The Women and Child Development Ministry plans to seek loans totalling from five different multinational development banks to implement new and existing schemes, including a research centre on child development as well as plantation of 200 million trees under mission Kalpatru to eradicate malnutrition. The Ministry is planning to apply for a loan from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Japan International Cooperation Agency, New Development Bank , crore from Asian Development Bank and German Development Cooperation.
It will also establish 14 million Poshan Vatikas (Nutrition Gardens) at all anganwadis in the country, conduct awareness and assign community ownership of the food forests. It will ensure easier access to fresh produce and promote Atmanirbhar Bharat. The Ministry has mooted a national child development resource centre for research, design, outcome tracking, service delivery support and development of curriculum for activity-based learning at anganwadis at children’s homes.
- Haiti country recently seen in news is located in
- Pacific ocean
- Indian Ocean
- Mediterranean Sea
- Caribbean Sea
Answer : D
It is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small island of Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. It is the third largest country in the Caribbean by area, and has an estimated population of making it the most populous country in the Caribbean